Tropical Diseases in Brazil – a quick guide for travelers

While its remote location and tropical climate make the Pantanal of Brazil and other remote areas of the country unique travel destinations, it also requires specific health and safety precautions. Below, we provide an overview of health considerations to ensure your trip is safe, comfortable, and enjoyable.

  1. Remote Location Considerations

Lodges in the regions that we usually stay can be hours away from medical facilities, and emergency response can be delayed. While some lodges are equipped to handle minor issues, any serious medical emergencies might require evacuation to cities, such as Campo Grande, São Paulo or Cuiabá. For this reason:

  • Travel Insurance: Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical evacuations from remote areas.
  • First Aid Kit: Bring a well-stocked personal kit, including medications for fever, allergies, minor injuries, and gastrointestinal issues.
  1. Malaria

Malaria is virtually nonexistent in the Pantanal and Atlantic Rainforest. In decades of operations in the region, there have been no reported cases among visitors. For travelers coming from or continuing to the Amazon, however, the situation differs slightly. In the Amazon, malaria exists but remains extremely rare for tourists staying in organized lodges and using mosquito precautions.

  • Pantanal and Atlantic Rainforest: No malaria prophylaxis needed.
  • Amazon: Discuss prophylaxis options with your doctor and guide if visiting this region.
  1. Yellow Fever

Yellow fever risk is very low in the Pantanal and Atlantic Rainforest, increasing in the Amazon. Vaccination can be recommended as a precaution, particularly for visitors spending time in tropical forests. Most travelers already have this vaccine due to international requirements for Africa or other tropical regions. The yellow fever vaccine:

  • Provides lifelong immunity for most people after a single dose.
  • Is not required to enter Brazil, but it is advisable.
  • Should be administered at least 10 days before travel to be effective.
  1. Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya

These mosquito-borne diseases, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, are more prevalent in urban areas than in remote locations like the Pantanal or forests. While cases in the Pantanal are rare, travelers should still take precautions:

  • Prevention:
  • Use mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535.
  • Wear long-sleeved clothing, especially during early morning and late afternoon when mosquitoes are most active.

     5. Skin Infections and Fungal Issues

The humid tropical climate can lead to minor skin irritations or fungal infections, especially in areas of the body that remain damp.

  • Prevention:
  • Dry your skin thoroughly after swimming or sweating.
  • Wear breathable, quick-drying clothing.
  • Use talcum powder or antifungal creams if needed.
  1.  Allergic Reactions and Insect Bites

Some travelers may experience allergic reactions to insect bites or stings from bees, ants, or wasps. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are rare but can be life-threatening.EpiPen

  • Precautions:
  • Consult an allergist before traveling if you have a history of severe reactions.
  • Carry an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) and know how to use it.
  • Avoid walking barefoot and inspect areas before sitting or leaning.
  1. Mosquitoes

Mosquito activity varies by season, with few mosquitoes during the dry season (May to October). However, they may still be present near water sources or in certain habitats.

  • Recommended Repellents: Choose repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535. Reapply as instructed on the product label, especially after swimming or sweating.
  1.  General Recommendations
  • Routine Check-Up: A pre-travel consultation with your doctor or a travel medicine specialist is highly recommended.
  • Clothing: Pack lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and pants for sun and insect protection.
  • Hydration: Stay hydrated, especially during outdoor activities in the heat.
  • Emergency Numbers: Keep a list of emergency contacts and the location of the nearest medical facility.
  • Travel Insurance: Verify that your policy covers remote locations and emergency evacuations.

Final Note

While the Brazil is a safe and extraordinary destination, proper preparation is essential due to the remote nature of the places we go. Your trusted physician or a travel health specialist is your best source of guidance, as they can provide personalized advice based on your health history, vaccination status, and travel itinerary.